Molniya （Molniya）

导读

雷霆星座是一个由多颗低轨卫星组成的通信与侦察卫星星座，旨在提供全球范围内的高速数据传输和实时监测能力。该星座结合了先进的通信技术和遥感系统，支持军事与民用应用，如应急通信、环境监测和边境安全。雷霆星座具备高灵活性和抗干扰能力，能够快速响应突发事件，提升信息获取与传输效率。其部署增强了国家在空间领域的战略优势，推动了卫星通信与遥感技术的融合发展。

雷霆轨道卫星星座（Molniya）是俄罗斯的一个卫星系统，采用中轨卫星轨道，主要用于为高纬度地区提供可靠的通信服务。Molniya星座特别适合为俄罗斯及其他高纬度区域提供长时间稳定的通信支持，尤其是在极地和远北地区。该系统广泛应用于军事、航空、远程通信、电视广播等领域，能够保证即使在恶劣天气和极端环境下，仍然能够保持可靠的通信连接。Molniya星座的特殊轨道使其在高纬度地区具有长时间的覆盖优势，是极地通信的理想选择。

Name	Content
星座中文名称	雷霆星座
星座英文名称	Molniya
星座构型	中轨道卫星星座
星座功能	卫星通信、电视广播服务
轨道类型	中地轨道（MEO）
运营公司	俄罗斯卫星通信公司
建设状态	已完成部署并运营
所属国家	俄罗斯
技术能力	提供高可靠性的通信覆盖，尤其在高纬度地区和北极地区
同类型其它星座	Inmarsat, SES
经济和社会价值环境影响与对策	为高纬度和极地地区提供卫星通信，支撑广播、军事通信和海上通信等领域，推动全球通信和信息传播的发展。

MolniyaSituation

MolniyaTarget List

The table below lists a total of 35 satellites belonging to Molniya

The satellites under the constellation are compiled based on news and official announcements. If any errors are found, please send a business contact email to contact us for correction

Satellite Name	AOE ID	NORAD ID	Launch Date International Designator	Orbit Status	Orbit Period	Orbit Inclination （°）	Perigee （Km）	Apogee （Km）	Eccentricity	Update Time （UTC）	Services
MOLNIYA 2-9	7276	7276	1974-04-26 Same Date Orbit 1974-026A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	588minutes	64.3432	1246.61	32470.648	0.6718671	2026-11-02 08:32:40	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 2-10	7376	7376	1974-07-23 Same Date Orbit 1974-056A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	716minutes	65.1982	2471.094	37788.756	0.6661683	2026-11-01 21:41:00	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-S	7392	7392	1974-07-29 Same Date Orbit 1974-060A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	1437minutes	1.0461	35764.681	35839.129	0.0008825	2026-11-02 20:29:02	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-29	7780	7780	1975-04-29 Same Date Orbit 1975-036A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	64.2519	1706.003	38648.675	0.6955754	2026-11-02 07:41:30	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 2-14	8195	8195	1975-09-09 Same Date Orbit 1975-081A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	713minutes	64.9387	1901.549	38199.797	0.6867174	2026-10-27 02:15:45	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-32	8601	8601	1976-01-22 Same Date Orbit 1976-006A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	720minutes	63.7031	2204.208	38245.334	0.6773907	2026-10-14 19:37:17	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-36	9880	9880	1977-03-24 Same Date Orbit 1977-021A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	719minutes	63.7390	2176.73	38219.076	0.6780985	2026-10-14 14:18:30	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-8	10455	10455	1977-10-28 Same Date Orbit 1977-105A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	717minutes	63.7962	2392.41	37939.162	0.6695836	2026-11-02 02:32:56	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-40	10925	10925	1978-06-02 Same Date Orbit 1978-055A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	64.0030	2409.038	37941.724	0.6690768	2026-11-02 05:49:24	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-10	11057	11057	1978-10-13 Same Date Orbit 1978-095A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	351minutes	63.7069	999.314	19228.474	0.5526657	2026-11-02 18:21:08	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-13	11896	11896	1980-07-18 Same Date Orbit 1980-063A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.8099	1260.644	39103.162	0.7123957	2026-10-31 22:55:40	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-52	13012	13012	1981-12-23 Same Date Orbit 1981-123A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	61.8700	295.492	40062.982	0.7487090	2026-11-01 09:20:29	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-53	13070	13070	1982-02-26 Same Date Orbit 1982-015A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	717minutes	64.0021	1234.323	39072.053	0.7130765	2026-11-02 06:01:59	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-20	13875	13875	1983-03-11 Same Date Orbit 1983-015A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	717minutes	62.0607	1187.653	39139.987	0.7149498	2026-10-30 14:56:18	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-56	13890	13890	1983-03-16 Same Date Orbit 1983-019A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	720minutes	62.5349	1612.062	38858.462	0.6997678	2026-10-23 02:24:40	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-62	15214	15214	1984-08-24 Same Date Orbit 1984-089A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	627minutes	63.0548	888.382	34891.676	0.7005740	2026-11-02 12:21:07	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-63	15429	15429	1984-12-14 Same Date Orbit 1984-124A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	717minutes	62.8924	809.548	39529.024	0.7292511	2026-11-02 05:14:08	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-24	15738	15738	1985-05-29 Same Date Orbit 1985-040A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	563minutes	62.3511	441.81	31984.278	0.6981146	2026-11-02 13:38:37	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-27	16393	16393	1985-12-24 Same Date Orbit 1985-117A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	678minutes	61.9045	998.88	37372.054	0.7114250	2026-11-01 02:52:50	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-69	17078	17078	1986-11-15 Same Date Orbit 1986-089A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	717minutes	63.4974	656.414	39647.654	0.7348471	2026-04-16 15:50:39	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-31	17328	17328	1987-01-22 Same Date Orbit 1987-008A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	61.8812	808	39553.88	0.7294282	2026-11-01 21:56:51	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-71	18946	18946	1988-03-11 Same Date Orbit 1988-017A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	61.9597	930.779	39415.077	0.7247223	2026-11-02 04:56:16	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-75	19807	19807	1989-02-15 Same Date Orbit 1989-014A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.7992	1900.866	38468.36	0.6883228	2026-09-21 22:43:10	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-80	21118	21118	1991-02-15 Same Date Orbit 1991-012A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	702minutes	64.8890	3150.606	36402.678	0.6356787	2026-11-01 18:04:53	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-40	21196	21196	1991-03-22 Same Date Orbit 1991-022A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	709minutes	64.7119	2924.885	37012.765	0.6469034	2026-10-26 20:50:21	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-81	21426	21426	1991-06-18 Same Date Orbit 1991-043A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.4125	2100.52	38256.93	0.6807357	2026-11-01 15:48:49	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-41	21706	21706	1991-09-17 Same Date Orbit 1991-065A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	704minutes	62.5098	416.715	39260.031	0.7408178	2026-11-02 08:00:04	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-42	22178	22178	1992-10-14 Same Date Orbit 1992-067A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	653minutes	64.2460	1024.768	36097.48	0.7031626	2026-11-02 00:01:56	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-86	22671	22671	1993-05-26 Same Date Orbit 1993-035A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	254minutes	62.9223	345.127	13494.529	0.4944140	2026-11-02 17:37:23	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-87	22949	22949	1993-12-22 Same Date Orbit 1993-079A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	710minutes	64.8111	2261.025	37703.759	0.6722690	2026-11-02 03:57:46	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-88	23420	23420	1994-12-14 Same Date Orbit 1994-081A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	430minutes	64.1925	1506.388	23509.44	0.5825212	2026-11-02 07:48:42	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-47	23642	23642	1995-08-09 Same Date Orbit 1995-042A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	713minutes	64.8124	2537.917	37587.265	0.6627909	2026-11-02 04:09:05	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-90	24960	24960	1997-09-24 Same Date Orbit 1997-054A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	452minutes	64.3992	1713.589	24541.223	0.5851576	2026-11-01 20:04:00	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-91	25485	25485	1998-09-28 Same Date Orbit 1998-054A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	609minutes	64.6853	1711.002	33133.384	0.6601249	2026-11-02 02:30:05	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-50	25847	25847	1999-07-08 Same Date Orbit 1999-036A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.5354	2197.884	38156.054	0.6770481	2026-11-02 14:01:48	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements