Molniya （Molniya）

雷霆星座是一个由多颗低轨卫星组成的通信与侦察卫星星座，旨在提供全球范围内的高速数据传输和实时监测能力。该星座结合了先进的通信技术和遥感系统，支持军事与民用应用，如应急通信、环境监测和边境安全。雷霆星座具备高灵活性和抗干扰能力，能够快速响应突发事件，提升信息获取与传输效率。其部署增强了国家在空间领域的战略优势，推动了卫星通信与遥感技术的融合发展。

雷霆轨道卫星星座（Molniya）是俄罗斯的一个卫星系统，采用中轨卫星轨道，主要用于为高纬度地区提供可靠的通信服务。Molniya星座特别适合为俄罗斯及其他高纬度区域提供长时间稳定的通信支持，尤其是在极地和远北地区。该系统广泛应用于军事、航空、远程通信、电视广播等领域，能够保证即使在恶劣天气和极端环境下，仍然能够保持可靠的通信连接。Molniya星座的特殊轨道使其在高纬度地区具有长时间的覆盖优势，是极地通信的理想选择。

Name	Content
星座中文名称	雷霆星座
星座英文名称	Molniya
星座构型	中轨道卫星星座
星座功能	卫星通信、电视广播服务
轨道类型	中地轨道（MEO）
运营公司	俄罗斯卫星通信公司
建设状态	已完成部署并运营
所属国家	俄罗斯
技术能力	提供高可靠性的通信覆盖，尤其在高纬度地区和北极地区
同类型其它星座	Inmarsat, SES
经济和社会价值环境影响与对策	为高纬度和极地地区提供卫星通信，支撑广播、军事通信和海上通信等领域，推动全球通信和信息传播的发展。

MolniyaSituation

MolniyaTarget List

The table below lists a total of 35 satellites belonging to Molniya

Satellite Name	AOE ID	NORAD ID	Launch Date International Designator	Orbit Status	Orbit Period	Orbit Inclination （°）	Perigee （Km）	Apogee （Km）	Eccentricity	Update Time （UTC）	Services
MOLNIYA 2-9	7276	7276	1974-04-26 Same Date Orbit 1974-026A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	588minutes	64.4044	1320.416	32396.918	0.6686914	2026-04-02 23:15:51	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 2-10	7376	7376	1974-07-23 Same Date Orbit 1974-056A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	716minutes	65.3345	2260.796	37991.694	0.6740564	2026-03-31 14:54:05	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-S	7392	7392	1974-07-29 Same Date Orbit 1974-060A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	1435minutes	1.5655	35740.432	35805.008	0.0007660	2026-04-03 01:18:59	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-29	7780	7780	1975-04-29 Same Date Orbit 1975-036A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.9959	1872.671	38483.225	0.6893063	2026-03-31 23:53:51	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 2-14	8195	8195	1975-09-09 Same Date Orbit 1975-081A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	713minutes	64.6271	1955.767	38143.433	0.6846531	2026-03-31 18:27:50	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-32	8601	8601	1976-01-22 Same Date Orbit 1976-006A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	720minutes	63.6580	2340.987	38113.785	0.6722814	2026-04-02 08:25:14	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-36	9880	9880	1977-03-24 Same Date Orbit 1977-021A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.6546	2324.406	38034.72	0.6723156	2026-03-31 12:07:26	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-8	10455	10455	1977-10-28 Same Date Orbit 1977-105A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.7367	2320.04	38048.64	0.6725389	2026-03-28 09:28:52	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-40	10925	10925	1978-06-02 Same Date Orbit 1978-055A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.9926	2144.758	38212.11	0.6790664	2026-04-02 11:13:29	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-10	11057	11057	1978-10-13 Same Date Orbit 1978-095A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	351minutes	63.7062	922.11	19305.672	0.5573469	2026-04-02 19:36:04	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-13	11896	11896	1980-07-18 Same Date Orbit 1980-063A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.8275	978.814	39365.966	0.7229075	2026-03-27 15:19:22	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-52	13012	13012	1981-12-23 Same Date Orbit 1981-123A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	717minutes	61.6644	476.947	39863.459	0.7417886	2026-03-30 22:09:09	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-53	13070	13070	1982-02-26 Same Date Orbit 1982-015A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	719minutes	63.4956	1301.62	39091.586	0.7110129	2026-04-01 23:27:00	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-20	13875	13875	1983-03-11 Same Date Orbit 1983-015A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	719minutes	61.9384	1349.62	39041.8	0.7091969	2026-04-01 04:30:46	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-56	13890	13890	1983-03-16 Same Date Orbit 1983-019A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	720minutes	62.5507	1603.198	38850.742	0.7000074	2026-03-29 03:02:58	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-62	15214	15214	1984-08-24 Same Date Orbit 1984-089A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	627minutes	62.9614	1027.999	34751.735	0.6948189	2026-03-24 03:02:27	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-63	15429	15429	1984-12-14 Same Date Orbit 1984-124A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.1160	830.954	39550.886	0.7286659	2026-03-28 15:38:35	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-24	15738	15738	1985-05-29 Same Date Orbit 1985-040A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	563minutes	62.3712	635.139	31791.515	0.6895608	2026-03-31 06:48:05	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-27	16393	16393	1985-12-24 Same Date Orbit 1985-117A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	678minutes	62.0256	994.567	37376.545	0.7115947	2026-03-31 10:41:05	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-69	17078	17078	1986-11-15 Same Date Orbit 1986-089A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	717minutes	63.5305	665.274	39629.994	0.7344691	2026-04-01 17:30:56	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-31	17328	17328	1987-01-22 Same Date Orbit 1987-008A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	62.1588	602.073	39740.625	0.7370868	2026-03-31 01:25:29	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-71	18946	18946	1988-03-11 Same Date Orbit 1988-017A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	62.0619	618.432	39727.706	0.7364877	2026-02-26 18:30:09	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-75	19807	19807	1989-02-15 Same Date Orbit 1989-014A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.8315	2169.844	38193.874	0.6781633	2026-04-01 22:32:00	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-80	21118	21118	1991-02-15 Same Date Orbit 1991-012A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	702minutes	64.8912	3245.017	36310.375	0.6320838	2026-03-20 04:36:57	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-40	21196	21196	1991-03-22 Same Date Orbit 1991-022A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	709minutes	64.7082	3075.998	36863.21	0.6411785	2026-03-26 14:17:43	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-81	21426	21426	1991-06-18 Same Date Orbit 1991-043A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.4136	2257.222	38100.21	0.6748350	2026-03-31 07:45:03	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-41	21706	21706	1991-09-17 Same Date Orbit 1991-065A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	704minutes	62.9767	361.9	39320.71	0.7429374	2026-04-02 15:33:36	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-42	22178	22178	1992-10-14 Same Date Orbit 1992-067A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	653minutes	64.4492	1214.309	35907.955	0.6955626	2026-03-26 12:36:22	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-86	22671	22671	1993-05-26 Same Date Orbit 1993-035A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	255minutes	62.9150	359.29	13509.684	0.4939069	2026-04-03 04:58:12	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-87	22949	22949	1993-12-22 Same Date Orbit 1993-079A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	710minutes	64.9299	1992.199	37972.013	0.6824636	2026-03-15 23:22:03	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-88	23420	23420	1994-12-14 Same Date Orbit 1994-081A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	430minutes	64.2257	1483.716	23532.096	0.5837215	2026-03-29 16:27:23	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-47	23642	23642	1995-08-09 Same Date Orbit 1995-042A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	713minutes	64.9050	2258.329	37867.429	0.6733686	2026-03-27 07:39:20	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-90	24960	24960	1997-09-24 Same Date Orbit 1997-054A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	452minutes	64.3949	1611.303	24643.485	0.5904013	2026-03-31 13:55:03	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-91	25485	25485	1998-09-28 Same Date Orbit 1998-054A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	609minutes	64.6515	1481.724	33363.052	0.6697610	2026-03-30 13:26:42	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-50	25847	25847	1999-07-08 Same Date Orbit 1999-036A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.5087	2240.589	38118.837	0.6754735	2026-04-02 06:12:13	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements