Molniya （Molniya）

雷霆星座是一个由多颗低轨卫星组成的通信与侦察卫星星座，旨在提供全球范围内的高速数据传输和实时监测能力。该星座结合了先进的通信技术和遥感系统，支持军事与民用应用，如应急通信、环境监测和边境安全。雷霆星座具备高灵活性和抗干扰能力，能够快速响应突发事件，提升信息获取与传输效率。其部署增强了国家在空间领域的战略优势，推动了卫星通信与遥感技术的融合发展。

雷霆轨道卫星星座（Molniya）是俄罗斯的一个卫星系统，采用中轨卫星轨道，主要用于为高纬度地区提供可靠的通信服务。Molniya星座特别适合为俄罗斯及其他高纬度区域提供长时间稳定的通信支持，尤其是在极地和远北地区。该系统广泛应用于军事、航空、远程通信、电视广播等领域，能够保证即使在恶劣天气和极端环境下，仍然能够保持可靠的通信连接。Molniya星座的特殊轨道使其在高纬度地区具有长时间的覆盖优势，是极地通信的理想选择。

Name	Content
星座中文名称	雷霆星座
星座英文名称	Molniya
星座构型	中轨道卫星星座
星座功能	卫星通信、电视广播服务
轨道类型	中地轨道（MEO）
运营公司	俄罗斯卫星通信公司
建设状态	已完成部署并运营
所属国家	俄罗斯
技术能力	提供高可靠性的通信覆盖，尤其在高纬度地区和北极地区
同类型其它星座	Inmarsat, SES
经济和社会价值环境影响与对策	为高纬度和极地地区提供卫星通信，支撑广播、军事通信和海上通信等领域，推动全球通信和信息传播的发展。

MolniyaSituation

MolniyaTarget List

The table below lists a total of 35 satellites belonging to Molniya

The satellites under the constellation are compiled based on news and official announcements. If any errors are found, please send a business contact email to contact us for correction

Satellite Name	AOE ID	NORAD ID	Launch Date International Designator	Orbit Status	Orbit Period	Orbit Inclination （°）	Perigee （Km）	Apogee （Km）	Eccentricity	Update Time （UTC）	Services
MOLNIYA 2-9	7276	7276	1974-04-26 Same Date Orbit 1974-026A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	588minutes	64.3978	1298.224	32419.364	0.6696482	2026-05-23 03:41:29	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 2-10	7376	7376	1974-07-23 Same Date Orbit 1974-056A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	716minutes	65.2895	2307.205	37961.609	0.6724063	2026-05-16 08:33:10	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-S	7392	7392	1974-07-29 Same Date Orbit 1974-060A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	1436minutes	1.4372	35744.91	35813.922	0.0008185	2026-05-24 00:52:06	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-29	7780	7780	1975-04-29 Same Date Orbit 1975-036A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	64.0639	1825.423	38528.039	0.6910713	2026-05-22 20:01:54	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 2-14	8195	8195	1975-09-09 Same Date Orbit 1975-081A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	713minutes	64.7192	1934.57	38159.522	0.6854248	2026-05-23 17:15:50	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-32	8601	8601	1976-01-22 Same Date Orbit 1976-006A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	720minutes	63.6731	2312.96	38137.54	0.6733086	2026-05-22 19:55:11	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-36	9880	9880	1977-03-24 Same Date Orbit 1977-021A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.6560	2289.392	38092.342	0.6737729	2026-05-23 20:42:37	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-8	10455	10455	1977-10-28 Same Date Orbit 1977-105A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.7693	2349.88	37998.058	0.6712872	2026-05-22 05:31:31	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-40	10925	10925	1978-06-02 Same Date Orbit 1978-055A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	64.0062	2212.256	38133.424	0.6764566	2026-05-23 07:19:17	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-10	11057	11057	1978-10-13 Same Date Orbit 1978-095A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	351minutes	63.6948	936.275	19291.501	0.5564879	2026-05-23 19:16:51	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-13	11896	11896	1980-07-18 Same Date Orbit 1980-063A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.8255	1045.716	39301.322	0.7203996	2026-05-21 10:54:43	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-52	13012	13012	1981-12-23 Same Date Orbit 1981-123A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	61.6636	422.01	39946.81	0.7439949	2026-05-22 06:14:05	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-53	13070	13070	1982-02-26 Same Date Orbit 1982-015A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.6243	1275.057	39095.211	0.7118881	2026-05-23 20:33:31	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-20	13875	13875	1983-03-11 Same Date Orbit 1983-015A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	719minutes	61.9419	1321.296	39072.282	0.7102745	2026-05-23 02:01:02	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-56	13890	13890	1983-03-16 Same Date Orbit 1983-019A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	720minutes	62.5275	1618.423	38855.011	0.6995452	2026-05-21 03:03:18	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-62	15214	15214	1984-08-24 Same Date Orbit 1984-089A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	627minutes	62.9798	1000.098	34779.608	0.6959684	2026-05-21 01:00:11	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-63	15429	15429	1984-12-14 Same Date Orbit 1984-124A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	719minutes	63.0229	822.414	39581.12	0.7290979	2026-05-24 01:16:19	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-24	15738	15738	1985-05-29 Same Date Orbit 1985-040A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	563minutes	62.3751	596.657	31829.843	0.6912631	2026-05-22 07:14:08	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-27	16393	16393	1985-12-24 Same Date Orbit 1985-117A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	678minutes	61.9787	1002.683	37368.123	0.7112755	2026-05-23 04:08:45	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-69	17078	17078	1986-11-15 Same Date Orbit 1986-089A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	717minutes	63.4974	656.414	39647.654	0.7348471	2026-04-16 15:50:39	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-31	17328	17328	1987-01-22 Same Date Orbit 1987-008A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	62.0654	647.412	39705.166	0.7354283	2026-05-22 09:15:56	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-71	18946	18946	1988-03-11 Same Date Orbit 1988-017A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	717minutes	62.0850	717.901	39580.041	0.7324986	2026-05-23 10:11:34	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-75	19807	19807	1989-02-15 Same Date Orbit 1989-014A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.8337	2095.917	38266.653	0.6809398	2026-05-20 19:09:35	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-80	21118	21118	1991-02-15 Same Date Orbit 1991-012A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	702minutes	64.8879	3232.258	36322.08	0.6325642	2026-05-21 01:41:13	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-40	21196	21196	1991-03-22 Same Date Orbit 1991-022A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	709minutes	64.7121	3046.854	36887.44	0.6422513	2026-05-24 05:06:23	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-81	21426	21426	1991-06-18 Same Date Orbit 1991-043A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.4195	2230.528	38124.962	0.6758283	2026-05-23 15:49:38	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-41	21706	21706	1991-09-17 Same Date Orbit 1991-065A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	704minutes	62.8674	367.945	39311.843	0.7426930	2026-05-23 12:11:25	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-42	22178	22178	1992-10-14 Same Date Orbit 1992-067A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	653minutes	64.4083	1159.715	35962.655	0.6977523	2026-05-21 18:40:34	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-86	22671	22671	1993-05-26 Same Date Orbit 1993-035A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	255minutes	62.9200	351.596	13510.656	0.4943572	2026-05-24 03:40:12	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-87	22949	22949	1993-12-22 Same Date Orbit 1993-079A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	710minutes	64.9017	2067.347	37893.573	0.6795928	2026-05-20 12:52:48	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-88	23420	23420	1994-12-14 Same Date Orbit 1994-081A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	430minutes	64.2085	1497.334	23518.238	0.5829978	2026-05-23 09:28:38	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-47	23642	23642	1995-08-09 Same Date Orbit 1995-042A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	713minutes	64.8862	2327.996	37793.03	0.6707043	2026-05-21 18:38:05	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-90	24960	24960	1997-09-24 Same Date Orbit 1997-054A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	452minutes	64.3959	1642.171	24612.347	0.5888159	2026-05-22 08:30:35	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 1-91	25485	25485	1998-09-28 Same Date Orbit 1998-054A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	609minutes	64.6600	1536.104	33308.632	0.6674759	2026-05-22 20:25:05	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements
MOLNIYA 3-50	25847	25847	1999-07-08 Same Date Orbit 1999-036A Same Batch Orbit	在轨	718minutes	63.5214	2242.548	38112.59	0.6753735	2026-05-23 14:27:27	Orbit Forecast Orbit Elements